船用起重機是船舶自備的用于裝卸貨物的裝置和機械，主要有吊桿裝置、甲板起重機及其他裝卸機械。
船(chuan)用起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機是在海上(shang)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)執(zhi)行(xing)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)作業的(de)(de)(de)一種起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用于艦船(chuan)間(jian)貨物的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)轉(zhuan)移、海上(shang)補(bu)給、水下作業設備的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)放(fang)與回收(shou)等(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)任(ren)務。海上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)應用環境(jing)給船(chuan)用起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制帶來了很大的(de)(de)(de)挑戰性。一方(fang)面(mian)，類似陸上(shang)各(ge)種欠驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)吊(diao)(diao)車設備，需要(yao)(yao)控(kong)制負(fu)載(zai)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)過程中(zhong)(zhong)產生的(de)(de)(de)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，其定(ding)位精(jing)度(du)與運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)效率；另一方(fang)面(mian)，由于這種起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機固(gu)定(ding)于船(chuan)舶等(deng)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平臺上(shang)，平臺本身的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)會(hui)(hui)對負(fu)載(zai)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產生強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)影響，且(qie)很多情(qing)(qing)況下，負(fu)載(zai)起(qi)(qi)吊(diao)(diao)與降落點處的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)情(qing)(qing)況與吊(diao)(diao)車本身的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不一致(zhi)。具(ju)體而(er)言，在工作過程中(zhong)(zhong)，吊(diao)(diao)車船(chuan)與接收(shou)船(chuan)會(hui)(hui)隨海浪縱搖(yao)(yao)、橫搖(yao)(yao)與升(sheng)沉，這些運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將導致(zhi)負(fu)載(zai)發生擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；特別是在升(sheng)降過程中(zhong)(zhong)，船(chuan)舶的(de)(de)(de)此類運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)易導致(zhi)已(yi)吊(diao)(diao)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)再次與甲板相撞(zhuang)，或使已(yi)放(fang)下但(dan)尚未脫離吊(diao)(diao)鉤的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)再次懸空，這些都會(hui)(hui)威脅作業的(de)(de)(de)。尤(you)其在進(jin)行(xing)艦船(chuan)間(jian)彈藥補(bu)給時，這種耦合運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可能造成非常嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)后果。